Common Mold Types Found in the US

Acremonium – This is most commonly found in water-damaged building material and on drywall and insulation. The mold appears white, gray or pink.

Alternaria – This mold is common both indoors and outdoors and is most normally seen on plant materials. It mainly comes about as dark green or black patches.

Aspergillus – A diverse genus containing species of the order Aspergillus niger (black mold) and Aspergillus flavus. It can be isolated in soil, decaying vegetation, and in an indoor environment. A number of species are mycotoxigenic.

Aureobasidium – occurs on surfaces, for example, wood and paint, usually as pink or black colonies.

Bipolaris – This is a plant pathogen, but it also can occur on water-damaged material in an indoor environment.

Botrytis – It is also referred to as “gray mold.” It commonly infects plants and fruits. It may also exist on decaying organic matter in indoor environments.

Chaetomium – This fungus is most commonly found in the water-damaged building, appearing as white, yellow, or brownish cottony colonies.

Cladosporium – This is one of the most common kinds of molds; it grows as green, brown, or black spots. It usually grows on plants, in the soil and on surfaces indoors.

Epicoccum – This one grows on decaying organic matter and fruits, producing orange or pinkish color colonies.

Fusarium – Showing unmistakable pink or reddish colored colonies Fusarium is generally found in the soil and on plants. It can also be in grain product.

Mucor – This genus generally grows on soil and decaying organic matter; the colonies appear as white or grayish-colored molds that grow quite rapidly at high humidity.

Neosartorya – Isolated from soil and decaying plant material. The genus includes Neosartorya fischeri. They are very close to Aspergillus.

Penicillium – Isolated from soil and decaying plant material. The genus includes Neosartorya fischeri. They are very close to Aspergillus.

Phoma – Has dark spores, is located in soil and plants. Frequently damages cultivated agricultural crops.

Pithomyces – It generally occurs on plant material and soil. The mould manifests in green or brownish colour colonies.

Rhizopus – Bread mould is its common name. The pathogen grows as black or greyish colour colonies on decaying foodstuffs and other organic materials.

Sclerotinia – Generally, this mould is seen to occur on dead plant material. It has the potential to cause wilting diseases in cultivation. It manifests as white, cottony growths.

Stachybotrys – Popularly known as “black mold,” it is a dark greenish-black species growing in high-moisture materials, considered to be very dangerous to one’s health.

Trichoderma – A green-colored mould common in soil and dead wood, as well as being involved in plant symbiosis, is applied in biocontrol.

Ulocladium – This species is common on wet, water-damaged materials and in humid environments; in these colonies, it forms dark green or black colors.

Verticillium – A type of soil mold that infects plants; the morphology of white or light-colored colonies has the ability to cause wilting diseases on plants.

Glossary of Mold

Allergen: Any substance capable of inducing an allergic response. Most molds release spores which are potentially capable of causing respiratory distress and are allergens.

Fungal Mycotoxin: Several poisonous metabolic by-products of some fungi, potentially hazardous to health via the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems of human beings and animals.

Hyphae: Long, thread-like structure that a mold’s body is comprised of. The hyphae grow and spread away from the source of the mold, allowing for the organism to absorb more nutrition.

Mold Spores: These are minute reproductive cells that a mold releases into the air. They spread by floating through the air and settling in a new area, where they can grow into a new mold colony.

Mycelium: This is the vegetative portion of a mold, usually manifesting as a fuzzy or cottony growth on surfaces. The mycelium is the mass of hyphae that composes the greater part of the mold and includes most of the living cells of the organism.

Sporulation: It occurs naturally in mould. As a result of that process—because of it—spores are produced, dispersed into the atmosphere, and develop into new mold when favorable growing conditions are available.

Ventilation: The movement of air in any space to replace or exchange the air therein for the improvement of interior air quality. Proper ventilation suppresses the growth of mold in various ways since it brings down humidity and moisture levels.

Water Damage: Water infiltration, leakage, or spills can be detrimental to materials and structures of the building, which may in turn aid in a mold outbreak when not mitigated.

Mycology: scientific study of fungi, including mold. Mycology basically classifies fungi, reports on their biology, and describes their ecology. 

Mold Remediation: The process of removing or cleaning up mold contamination indoors so that it does not become a health hazard or cause for structural damage.

Dehumidification: This is the process of reducing the amount of water vapor in the air. Dehumidifiers are usually utilized to control the level of humidity; hence there will be no formation of molds.

Moisture Control: Some of the actions implemented to control and reduce indoor environment moisture levels to eliminate the potential for mold growth

Spores: The reproductive organs of mold that can become airborne and spread to other places. Mold spores stand a chance of forming new molds upon coming into contact with a viable surface.

Zygomycetes:  A class of fungi that includes Rhizopus and Mucor-like molds. Most of these are found in the soil and dead organic material.

This glossary includes some of the basic definitions used about mold, its growth, and the effects of the same in an indoor environment.

Finding and identifying mold in your home is very important for not only the health and wellbeing of you but those you keep close.